Chronology of Early Scholars of Islam
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| NAME | BORN | DIED | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hadrat Abu-Bakar Siddiq | 51 BH*/573 CE*, Makkah | 13 AH*/23 August 634 (Tuesday) Medinah | First Caliph (Khalifah) of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), Khalifatur-Rasool |
| Hadrat Umar ibn alKhattab | 41 BH/582 Makkah | 24 AH/7 November 644 (Sunday) Medinah | Second Caliph (Khalifah), Title "Ameerul-Momineen" was first adopted |
| Uthman ibn Affaan | 47 BH/577 Makkah | 18 Zul-Hijja 35 AH/17 June 656 (Friday) Medinah | Ameerul-Momineen, Third Caliph (Khalifah) |
| Imam Ali ibn Abi-Taalib(1) | 13 Rajab 23BH/600 Makkah | 21 Ramadhan 40AH/28 January 661 (Thur) Kufah | Ameerul-Momineen, Fourth Caliph (Khalifah) |
| Imam Hasan ibn Ali (2) | 15 Ramadan 3 AH/28 February 625 (Thu) Medinah | Safar 49 or 50 AH/669 or 670 Medinah | Ameerul-Momineen (5th Khalifah), First son of Ali & Fatimah, Grand Child of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), was probably poisoned |
| Mo'awiah ibn Abi-Sufian | 12 BH/611 Makkah | 60 AH/680 Dimashq | 6th Khalifah (Brother-in-law of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)) |
| Imam Husain ibn Ali (3) | 3 Sha'ban 4 AH/8 Jan 626 (Wednesday) Medinah | 10 Muharram 61 AH/9 Oct 680 (Tue) Karbala, Iraq | Shaheed-e-Karbala, Second son of Ali & Fatimah, Grand Child of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) |
| Imam Ali Zainul-Abideen (4) | 5 Sha'ban 38 AH/5 Jan 659 (Saturday) Medinah | 25 Muharram 95 AH/20 Oct 713 (Friday) Medinah | Son of Imam Husain |
| Imam Muhammad Baqir (5) | 1 Rajab 57 AH/9 May 677 (Saturday) Medinah | 7 Zul-Hijja 114 AH/28 Jan 733 (Wednesday) Medinah | Son of Imam Ali Zainul-Abideen |
| Imam-1: Abu-Hanifa | 80 AH/699 Kufah, Iraq | 150 AH/767 Baghdad | Taabai, Scholar of Fiqh (Jurisprudence), student of Imam Baqir & Imam Ja'far Sadiq |
| Imam Ja'far Sadiq (6) | 17 Rabi-al-Awwal 83 AH/10 Apr 702 (Monday) Medinah | 25 Shawwal 148 AH/13 Dec 765 (Fri) Medinah | Taabai, Son of Imam Baqir. He was Imam of Fiqh Ja'fri (Jurisprudence) |
| Imam-2: Maalik | 93 AH/712 Medinah | 179 AH/795 Medinah | Taba-Taabai, Compiler of Hadith & Scholar of Fiqh (Jurisprudence), student of Imam Ja'far Sadiq |
| Imam Abu-Yusuf(Hanafi) | 113 AH/731 Kufah, Iraq | 187 AH/803 Baghdad | Taba-Taabai, Student of Abu-Hanifah, Scholar of Fiqh (Jurisprudence) |
| Up to the time of Imam Ja'far Sadiq, friends of Ali (Shi'aan-e-Ali) were not considered any different from other Muslims. Imam Ja'far Sadiq had two sons, Isma'il and Musa al-Kazim. Followers of Isma'il become the "Seveners" or "Ismailis. Followers of Musa al-Kazim become the "Twelvers" who believed that the lineage of Imam continued with Imam Musa al-Kazim. Beginning of Shi'ism was not documented before this time, but long after, when the concept of 12 Imams became the basis of Shi'as after the 12th Imam's disappearance in 878 CE. | |||
| Imam Musa Kazim (7) | 7 Safar 129 AH/27 Oct 745 (Thurs) near Medinah | 25 Rajab 183 AH/1 Sep 799 (Sunday) Kadhimiya | Son of Imam Ja'far Sadiq, born in Al-Abwa 7 miles from Medinah, died in prison |
| Imam Muhammad (Hanafi) | 132 AH/750 Wasit, Iraq | 189 AH/805 Baghdad | Student of Imam Maalik, and Imam Abu-Yusuf (Jurisprudence) |
| Imam-3: Shafi'i | 150 AH/767 Ghaza | 204 AH/819 Egypt | Student of Imam Maalik (Jurisprudence) |
| Imam Ali Reza (8) | 11 Zul-Qa'da 153 AH/4 Nov 770 (Sunday) Medinah | 17 Safar 203 AH/24 Aug 818 (Tue) Mash'had, Iran | Son of Imam Musa Kazim |
| Imam-4: Ahmad ibn Hambal | 164 AH/780 Baghdad | 241 AH/855 Baghdad | Student of Imam Shafi'i, Scholar of Fiqh (Jurisprudence) |
| Imam Bokhari | 194 AH/810 Bukhara | 256 AH/870 Samarqand | Compiler of the most authentic Hadith book |
| Imam Jawwad Taqi (9) | 10 Rajab 195 AH/8 April 811 (Tues) Medinah | 30 Zul-Qa'da 220 AH/26 Nov 835 (Fri) Kadhimiya | Full name was Imam Muhammad Jawwad Taqi Son of Imam Ali Reza |
| Imam Abu-Daood | 202 AH/817 Sindh-Kabul | 275 AH/889 Basrah, Iraq | Scholar and Compiler of Hadith |
| Imam Muslim | 206 AH/821 Nishapur, Iran | 261 AH/875 Nishapur, Iran | Compiler of 2nd most authentic Hadith book |
| Imam Ibn Maja | 209 AH/824 Qazween, Iraq | 273 AH/887 Qazween, Iraq | Scholar and Compiler of Hadith |
| Imam Tirmidhi | 209 AH/824 Tirmidh, Balkh | 279 AH/892 Tirmidh, Balkh | Scholar and Compiler of Hadith |
| Imam Nasaai | 214 AH/829 Khurasan, Iran | 303 AH/915 Egypt | Scholar and Compiler of Hadith |
| Imam Ali Naqi (10) | 5 Rajab 215 AH/28 Aug 830 (Sunday) Surba, Iraq | 3 Rajab 254 AH/28 June 868 (Monday) Samarra, Iraq | Son of Imam Muhammad Jawwad Taqi |
| Imam Hasan Askari (11) | 8 Rabi-al-Thani 232 AH/1 Dec 846 (Wednesday) Samarra, Iraq | 8 Rabi-al-Awwal 260 AH/1 Jan 874 (Friday) Samarra, Iraq | Son of Imam Ali Naqi |
| Imam Muhammad Mehdi (12) | 15 Sha'ban 255 AH/29 July 869 (Friday) Samarra, Iraq | Disappeared at age 9 in 878 CE | Son of Imam Hasan Askari. Followers of Isna-'ashari faith (The Twelvers) believe that he is still alive, hiding, and will re-appear near Judgment Day to establish Kingdom of Allah, to fill the world with equality and justice. |
Notes:
BH = Before Hijra AH = After Hijra CE = Common Era
Chronolgy for Caliphs from Sahabah is taken from various books on Islamic history.
Isna-Ash'ari Imams chronology is basically taken from "Millat-e-Islamia ki Mukhtasar Tareekh" by Sarwat Saulat, Page 157.
Chronology for Fiqh Imams is taken from "Tazkira Imam Abu-Hanifah" by Jamil Ahmad Sharqpuri, various pages.
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